Prevalence and risk factors for intestinal parasite infections in schoolchildren, in the city of Santarém, Pará State, Brazil
Main Article Content
Abstract
Introduction: Intestinal parasites are common in children in poor countries around the world, and are the cause of serious health problems. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of intestinal parasites in schoolchildren in Santarém, and associated socio-environmental risk factors. Methods: Questionnaires were applied to parents, and fecal exams were performed by direct method and sedimentation. Results: The parasites that prevailed were Entamoeba coli (20.4%) and Ascaris lumbricoides (9.0%). The family income is an important factor related to parasitic infections (χ2=21.000/p=0.001). Other factors such as water treatment (χ2=20.15/p=0.002), health infrastructure (χ2=25.40/p=0.001), and hygiene practices such as hand washing (χ2=11.54/p=0.003) were statistically significant for the presence of intestinal parasites too, some on a lesser scale. Conclusion: The results showed that Entamoeba coli and Ascaris lumbricoides are the prevalent parasites. The family income, water quality, and sanitary infrastructure are the main risk factors for parasitic infections.
Downloads
Article Details
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) that allows others to share and adapt the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.References
Becker AA, Ioschpe R, Delwing D, Canali J. Incidência de parasitoses intestinais em escolares do município de Novo Hamburgo-RS. Rev Bras Anal Clín. 2002;34(2):85-7.
Rosado-García FM, Guerrero-Flórez M, Karanis G, Hinojosa MDC, Karanis P. Water-borne protozoa parasites: The Latin America perspective. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2017;220(5):783-98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2017.03.008
Ximénez C, Morán P, Rojas L, Valadez A, Gómez A. Reassessment of the epidemiology of amebiasis: State of the art. Infect Genet Evol. 2009;9(6):1023-32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2009.06.008
Alum A, Rubino JR, Ijaz MK. The global war against intestinal parasites-should we use a holistic approach? Int J Infect Dis. 2010;14(9):e732-8. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2009.11.036
World Health Organization. Prevention and control of intestinal parasitic infections. Report of a WHO expert committee. Geneva: WHO; 1987.
Quadros RM, Marques SMT, Arruda A, Delfes PSWR, Medeiros IAA. Parasitas intestinais em centros de educação infantil municipal de Lages, SC, Brasil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2004;37(5):422-3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0037-86822004000500012
Tashima NT, Simões MJS. Parasitas intestinais. Prevalência e correlação com a idade e com os sintomas apresentados de uma população infantil de Presidente Prudente-SP. Rev Bras Anal Clín. 2005;37(1):35-9.
Santo CKS, Grama DF, Limongi JE, Costa FC, Couto TR, Soares RM, et al. Epidemiological, parasitological and molecular aspects of Giardia duodenalis infection in children attending public daycare centers in southeastern Brazil. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2012;106(8):473-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trstmh.2012.05.011
Muehlen M, Feldmeier H, Wilcke T, Winter B, Heukelback J. Identifying risk factors for tungiasis and heavy infestation in a resource-poor community in northeast Brazil. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2006;100(4):371-80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trstmh.2005.06.033
Rodrigues-Morales A, Bolivar-Mejía A, Alarcón-Olave C, Calvo-Betancourt LS. Parasites in Food: Illness and Treatment. Encyclopedia Food Health. 2016;213-8.
Tarleton JL, Haque R, Mondal D, Shu J, Farr BM, Petri WA Jr. Cognitive effects of diarrhea, malnutrition, and Entamoeba histolytica infection on school age children in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2006;74(3):475-81.
Venkatachalam PS, Patwardhan VN. The role of Ascaris lumbricoides in the nutrition of the host: effect of ascariasis on digestion of protein. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1953;47(2):169-75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(53)90074-1
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Censo demográfico de 2010 [Internet]. [cited on 2015 Sep 10]. Available from: http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/censo2010/default.shtm
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espacial. Centro de previsão do tempo e estudos climáticos. [Internet]. [cited on 2015 Sep 10]. Available from: http://www.cptec.inpe.br/clima
Brasil. Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento (PNUD). O atlas. [Internet]. [cited on 2015 Sep 10]. Available from: http://www.atlasbrasil.org.br/2013/pt/o_atlas/idhm/.
Hoffman W, Pons JL, Janer JL. The sedimentation – concentration methods in Schistosoma mansoni. J Publ Health. 1934;9:283-91.
Amato VN, Campos R, Ferreira CS. Diagnóstico das parasitoses intestinais pelo exame de fezes. São Paulo: Atheneu; 1963.
Alves JR, Macedo HW, Ramos Jr. NA, Ferreira LF, Gonçalves MLC, Araújo A. Parasitoses intestinais em região semi-árida do Nordeste do Brasil: resultados preliminares distintos das prevalências esperadas. Cad Saúde Pública. 2003;19(2):667-70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-311X2003000200034
Gioia I. Prevalência de parasitoses intestinais entre os usuários do centro de saúde do distrito de Sousas, Campinas, SP (1986-1990). Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 1992;25(3):177-82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0037-86821992000300005
Bracciaforte R, Varengo H, Díaz MF, Pivetta VV, Burstein V, Orsilles MA. Enteroparásitos en niños y adolescentes de uma comuna periurbana de la província de Córdoba. Acta Bioquím Clín Latinoam. 2010;44(3):353-8.
Adedayo O, Nasiiro R. Intestinal parasitoses. J Nat Med Assoc. 2004;96(1):93-6.
Luduvice M. Experiência da Companhia de Saneamento do Distrito Federal na reciclagem agrícola de biossólido. In: Bettiol W, Camargo AO (Eds.). Impacto ambiental do uso agrícola do lodo de esgoto. Jaguariúna: Embrapa Meio Ambiente; 2000. p.245-58.
Ugbomoiko US, Dalumo V, Ofoezie IE, Obiezue RNN. Socio-environmental factors and ascariasis infection among school-aged children in Ilobu, Osun State, Nigeria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2009;103(3):223-8. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.12.014
Pereira CW, Santos FN. Prevalência de geo-helmintíases em crianças atendidas na rede pública de saúde de Neópolis, município do estado de Sergipe. Rev Bras Anal Clín. 2005;37(2):113-16.
Gamboa MI, Navone GT, Orden AB, Torres MF, Castro LE, Oyhenart EE. Socio-environmental conditions, intestinal parasitic infections and nutritional status in children from a suburban neighborhood of La Plata, Argentina. Acta Trop. 2011;118(3):184-9. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2009.06.015
Fonseca EOL, Teixeira MG, Barreto ML, Carmo EH, Costa MCN. Prevalência e fatores associados às geo-helmintíases em crianças residentes em municípios com baixo IDH no Norte e Nordeste brasileiros. Cad Saúde Pública. 2010;26(1):143-52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-311X2010000100015
Silva JC, Furtado LFV, Ferro TC, Bezerra KC, Borges EPB, Melo ACFL. Parasitismo por Ascaris lumbricoides e seus aspectos epidemiológicos em crianças do Estado do Maranhão. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2011;44(1):100-2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0037-86822011000100022