Transtorno do espectro autista: uma revisão sistemática sobre aspectos nutricionais e eixo intestino-cérebro

Conteúdo do artigo principal

Marli do Carmo Cupertino
Michely Baptistele Resende
Isabela de Freitas Veloso
Camila Abreu de Carvalho
Vitor Ferreira Duarte
Guilherme Alves Ramos

Resumo

O número de indivíduos diagnosticados com o transtorno do espectro autista (TEA) registrou aumento evidente na última década. Os principais sintomas, apresentados pelo portador, são neurológicos e digestórios, estando às intervenções nutricionais dentre as terapêuticas mais promissoras para amenizar a sintomatologia clínica. Assim, objetivou-se revisar sistematicamente os estudos sobre distúrbios alimentares e do trato gastrointestinal apresentado pelo indivíduo portador do TEA, a fim de compreender como o comportamento alimentar influência na etiopatogênese e manifestações clínicas da doença, com foco no eixo intestino-cérebro. Para isso realizou-se uma revisão sistemática, seguindo as diretrizes PRISMA. A partir de uma busca estruturada e abrangente em bases de dados eletrônicas, 23 estudos foram recuperados e incluídos na revisão. Os critérios de inclusão definiam ser artigos originais relacionando o TEA com alterações nutricionais e/ou com o eixo intestino-cérebro. Após análise da composição da microbiota intestinal, os estudos mostraram um quadro de desequilíbrio. Foram encontradas, também, alterações na barreira de muco e permeabilidade intestinal e alterações em proteínas envolvidas na digestão e absorção de alimentos. Dietas restritivas e a modulação da microbiota, com uso de probióticos e de antibióticos específicos, são apresentadas como estratégias terapêuticas adjuvantes promissoras. Conclui-se que o eixo intestino-cérebro está envolvido tanto na etiologia, quanto nas manifestações clínicas do TEA. Porém, não sendo certo se alterações intestinais são causa ou consequência das alterações neurológicas. Até o presente momento, a comunidade científica não tem conclusões suficientes para indicar o uso de dietas restritivas, e uso de probióticos e de antibióticos como terapêutica para o TEA.

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Cupertino, M. do C., Resende, M. B., Veloso, I. de F., Carvalho, C. A. de, Duarte, V. F., & Ramos, G. A. (2019). Transtorno do espectro autista: uma revisão sistemática sobre aspectos nutricionais e eixo intestino-cérebro. ABCS Health Sciences, 44(2). https://doi.org/10.7322/abcshs.v44i2.1167
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Artigos de Revisão

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