Treinamento de suporte básico de vida nas escolas
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Resumo
Crianças maiores e adolescentes são capazes de aprender e realizar manobras de ressuscitação cardiopulmonar de forma satisfatória. As escolas são locais onde a capacitação no suporte básico de vida pode ser aplicada. Foi realizada uma revisão narrativa para avaliar a eficácia do treinamento em suporte básico de vida nas escolas, analisando diferentes metodologias de ensino, faixa etária e ganho de confiança em realizar a ressuscitação cardiopulmonar em situação real. A busca foi realizada na base de dados Medline. Foram selecionados artigos publicados de 01/01/2014 até 31/12/2019, com menores de 18 anos de idade, publicados em inglês, português e espanhol. Foram encontrados 309 artigos dos quais 15 apresentaram critérios de inclusão no estudo. Houve grande heterogeneidade em metodologias avaliadas, dificultando a comparação entre alguns estudos. A ressuscitação cardiopulmonar ensinada para crianças em idade escolar resultou na retenção das habilidades e do conhecimento. Houve relação direta entre faixa etária e qualidade da ressuscitação cardiopulmonar. O aprendizado da ressuscitação cardiopulmonar pode também alterar o estigma e o medo associados aos procedimentos. Concluímos que o ensino de ressuscitação cardiopulmonar por diferentes metodologias é eficaz no aprendizado de crianças e adolescentes e melhora a confiança em realizá-la. Apesar dos maiores de 12 anos apresentarem maior habilidade para a profundidade da compressão, outros pontos do suporte básico de vida podem ser desenvolvidos em crianças menores.
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