Erectile dysfunction after COVID-19 infection: A cross-sectional study in a male sample from Brazil
Conteúdo do artigo principal
Resumo
Introduction: COVID-19 infection may cause erectile dysfunction due to local viral infection and impairing mental health. Objective: To analyze the erectile function in Brazilian sample patients during pandemics with and without COVID-19 infection and compare with results from a sample obtained before the pandemic. Methods: Internet survey with epidemiologic questions, data on COVID-19 infection, and the International Index for Erectile Function (IIEF). Patients were divided into those with and without infections. A control group with results obtained before the pandemic was also included. Results: Four hundred twenty-two males were studied 210 with data obtained before the pandemic; 208 with data obtained during the pandemic (84 with COVID-19 infection and 124 without). Patients with COVID-19 infection had worse results of IIEF than those without (in the pandemics and before pandemics) with p=0.01 and used more sexual stimulants (p=0.02). The results were worse in the first month after the infection. Conclusion: Patients with COVID-19 infection had impairment in erectile function that is more severe in the first month after infection.
Downloads
Detalhes do artigo
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Autores que publicam nesta revista concordam com os seguintes termos:
- Autores mantém os direitos autorais e concedem à revista o direito de primeira publicação, com o trabalho simultaneamente licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons CC BY que permite o compartilhamento e adaptação do trabalho com reconhecimento da autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
- Autores têm autorização para assumir contratos adicionais separadamente, para distribuição não-exclusiva da versão do trabalho publicada nesta revista (ex.: publicar em repositório institucional ou como capítulo de livro), com reconhecimento de autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
Referências
Xie J, Tong Z, Guan X, Du B, Qiu H. Clinical characteristics of patients who died of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. JAMA Network Open. 2020;3(4):e205619. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.5619
Hamilton LD, Meston CM. Chronic stress, and sexual function in women. J Sex Med. 2013;10(10):2443-54. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsm.12249
Gore AC, Attardi B, DeFranco DB. Glucocorticoid repression of the reproductive axis: effects on GnRH and gonadotropin subunit mRNA levels. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2006;256:(1-2):40-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2006.06.002
Izawa S, Saito K, Shirotsuki K, Sugaya N, Nomura S. Effects of prolonged stress on salivary cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone: a study of a two-week teaching practice. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2012;7(6):852-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.10.001
Jeckel CMM, Lopes RP, Berleze MC, Luz C, Feix L, Argimon IIL, et al. Neuroendocrine and immunological correlates of chronic stress in “strictly healthy” populations. Neuroimmunomodulation. 2010;17(1):9-18. https://doi.org/10.1159/000243080
Scialo F, Daniele A, Amato F, Pastore L, Matera MG, Cazzola M, et al. ACE2: the major cell entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2. Lung. 2020;198(6):867-77. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00408-020-00408-4
Adamyan L, Elagin V, Vechorko V, Stepanian A, Dashko A, Doroshenko D, et al. A review of recent studies on the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines on male reproductive health. Med Sci Monit. 2022;21:28:e935879. https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.935879
Rosen RC, Cappelleri JC, Smith MD, Lipsky J, Peña BM. Development, and evaluation of an abridged, 5-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) as a diagnostic tool for erectile dysfunction. Int J Impot Res. 1999;11(6):319-26. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijir.3900472
Nisihara R, Heil Junior LJ, Fagundes FG, Sobreiro B, Campos APB, Simioni J, et al. Erectile Dysfunction, Testosterone Levels and Disease Activity in Ankylosing Spondylitis Patients. Urology. 2021;153:210-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2021.01.008
Harirugsakul K, Wainipitapong S, Phannajit J, Paitoonpong L, Tantiwongse K. Erectile dysfunction among Thai patients with COVID-19 infection. Transl Androl Urol. 2021;10(12):4376-83. https://doi.org/10.21037/tau-21-807
Sansone A, Mollaioli D, Ciocca G, Colonnello E, Limoncin E, Balercia G, et al. "Mask up to keep it up": Preliminary evidence of the association between erectile dysfunction and COVID-19. Andrology. 2021;9(4):1053-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/andr.13003
Salar R, Erbay G, Şanlı A, Yavuz U, Kandemir E, Turel H, et al. Effect of COVID-19 infection on the erectile function. Andrology. 2023;11(1):10-16. https://doi.org/10.1111/andr.13315
Xiong J, Lipsitz O, Nasri F, Lui LMW, Gill H, Phan L, et al. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in the general population: A systematic review. J Affect Disord. 2020;277:55-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.001
Hamilton LD, Meston CM. Chronic stress, and sexual function in women. J Sex Med. 2013;10(10):2443-54. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsm.12249
Gore AC, Attardi B, Franco DB. Glucocorticoid repression of the reproductive axis: effects on GnRH and gonadotropin subunit mRNA levels. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2006;256:40-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2006.06.002
Izawa S, Saito K, Shirotsuki K, Sugaya N, Nomura S. Effects of prolonged stress on salivary cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone: a study of a two-week teaching practice. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2012;37(6):852-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.10.001
Harirugsakul K, Wainipitapong S, Phannajit J, Paitoonpong L, Tantiwongse K. Erectile dysfunction after COVID-19 recovery: A follow-up study. PLoS One. 2022;17(10):e0276429. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0276429
Manalo TA, Biermann HD, Patil DH, Mehta A. The temporal association of depression and anxiety in young men with erectile dysfunction. J Sex Med. 2022;19(2):201-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.11.011
Kresch E, Achua J, Saltzman R, Khodamoradi K, Arora H, Ibrahim E, et al. COVID-19 endothelial dysfunction can cause erectile dysfunction: histopathological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural study of the human penis. World J Mens Health. 2021;39:466-9. https://doi.org/10.5534/wjmh.210055
Flaifel A, Guzzetta M, Occidental M, Najari BB, Melamed J, Thomas KM, et al. Testicular changes associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2021;145(1):8-9. https://doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2020-0487-LE
Sansone A, Romanelli F, Gianfrilli D, Lenzi A. Endocrine evaluation of erectile dysfunction. Endocrine. 2014;46(3):423-30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-014-0254-6
Maggio M, Basaria S, Ceda GP, Ble A, Ling SM, Bandinelli S, et al. The relationship between testosterone and molecular markers of inflammation in older men. J Endocrinol Invest. 2005;28(11 Suppl Proceedings):116-9.
Mohamad NV, Wong SK, Wan Hasan WN, Jolly JJ, Nur-Farhana MF, Ima-Nirwana S, et al. The relationship between circulating testosterone and inflammatory cytokines in men. Aging Male. 2019;22(2):129-40. https://doi.org/10.1080/13685538.2018.1482487