Efeitos da exposição gestacional e lactacional ao etanol sobre o crescimento corporal e ósseo da prole de rato
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Introdução: O etanol é a droga mais consumida no mundo. Quando esse consumo ocorre por mulheres grávidas, os efeitos nocivos se estendem ao feto. Existem poucos dados disponíveis sobre seus efeitos em lactentes. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos do consumo materno de etanol durante a gravidez (pré-natal), bem como durante a gravidez e lactação (pré e pós-natal). Métodos: 12 ratos Wistar foram divididos em grupos etanol e controle. O grupo etanol recebeu etanol (4 g/kg/dia) via oral por gavagem do nono dia de gestação ao 17º dia de lactação. O peso e o comprimento dos filhotes foram determinados ao nascimento e aos 17 dias de idade. O comprimento e a largura do fêmur e da tíbia a espessura da epífise foram medidos nos neonatos, e a espessura da cartilagem articular, placa epifisária e suas zonas foram medidas aos 17 dias de idade. A imunoexpressão de CDC-47 foi avaliada e as expressões de agrecan, colágeno tipo II e colágeno tipo X foram determinadas por RT-PCR. Resultados: Nos neonatos, os ratos do grupo com exposição pré-natal ao etanol eram significativamente menores (comprimento do corpo) do que o grupo controle. Aos 17 dias de idade, o fêmur do grupo com exposição pré e pós-natal ao etanol apresentou percentual significativamente menor de condrócitos proliferativos, comprovado pela imunoexpressão de CDC-47 diferente entre os grupos. Conclusão: A exposição pré-natal ao etanol em ratos reduziu o comprimento do corpo ao nascer, enquanto a exposição pré e pós-natal ao etanol diminuiu a proliferação de condrócitos da placa epifisária femoral.
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