A abordagem Mindful Eating promove mudanças no comportamento alimentar de indivíduos com excesso de peso? Uma revisão sistemática
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Introdução: A restrição energética, associada a efeitos ambientais, fisiológicos e psicológicos, é um desafio para o controle de hábitos e transtornos alimentares, no qual o Mindful Eating surge como alternativa relevante, envolvendo a atenção plena às sensações e experiências relacionadas à comida. Objetivo: Identificar os efeitos da terapia comportamental Mindful Eating no comportamento alimentar de indivíduos com excesso de peso. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática da literatura realizada de maio a junho de 2022 nas bases de dados Google Acadêmico, PubMed, Web of Science, Lilacs, Scopus e Embase. Foram incluídos artigos nos idiomas inglês e português, sem restrição de ano de publicação. Os critérios de elegibilidade foram estruturados conforme a estratégia PICO (População, Intervenção, Comparação e Desfecho). A qualidade metodológica dos estudos foi avaliada por meio das ferramentas AMSTAR 2 e Joanna Briggs Institute. Os dados foram sintetizados e apresentados em tabela e discutidos de maneira narrativa. Resultados: Foram analisados 13 artigos, distribuídos em revisões sistemáticas, ensaios clínicos randomizados e não randomizados e estudo observacional. Os artigos incluídos na revisão indicaram que os grupos tratados com a terapia comportamental Mindful Eating obtiveram melhoras significativas no comportamento alimentar, com diminuição na compulsão alimentar e transtornos alimentares, além de melhora da alimentação emocional, qualidade da alimentação e controle oral e cognitivo sobre a ingestão de alimentos. Conclusão: A terapia comportamental Mindful Eating mostrou-se ser capaz de modificar positivamente o comportamento alimentar de indivíduos com sobrepeso e obesidade.
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