Ketogenic diet in lactation on body composition and physio-metabolic patterns in adult male rat offspring
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Abstract
Introduction: The consumption of diets rich in lipids and low in carbohydrates during growth and development has attracted scientific interest, as it may increase the risk of chronic diseases in adulthood. Objective: To evaluate the effects of a ketogenic diet during lactation on body weight and food consumption in nursing rats, and its effects on the nutritional and physio-metabolic profile of young adult male offspring. Methods: Sixteen Wistar rats and 60 male pups were used. The rats were divided into two groups: Control Group (CG, n=8) with a standard diet and Ketogenic Group (KG, n=8) with a ketogenic diet. The pups were divided into: Male Control Group (MCG, n=30) and Male Ketogenic Group (MKG, n=30). During lactation, the CG received an AIN-93G diet (3.6 calories/g), and the KG received a ketogenic diet (5.4 calories/g, 71% lipids). After weaning, all pups received a commercial diet. Body weight, food intake, and energy consumption were quantified in lactating rats. Body weight, food intake, glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance tests, wet organ weight, serum biochemical composition, and hepatic lipid percentage were quantified in the pups. Results: KG had lower food intake but maintained energy consumption. The KGM had lower weight gain and higher blood glucose levels in the tests. In addition, it had lower abdominal fat and higher levels of total cholesterol, LDL, and HDL. Conclusion: The maternal ketogenic diet during lactation compromised post-lactation weight gain and abdominal fat in offspring, being associated with increased circulating lipid fractions and impaired glucose homeostasis.
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